Chronic intermittent nicotine delivery via lung alveolar region-targeted aerosol technology produces circadian pharmacokinetics in rats resembling human smokers. 
Shao, X. M., Liu, S., Lee, E. S., Fung, D., Pei, H., Liang, J., … & Zhu, Y., Louie, S., and Xie, X.S. (2018). Journal of Applied Physiology125(5), 1555-1562.